The Varroa Destructor and Treatment

Varroa mites are one of the biggest threats to honeybee colonies. These tiny parasites attach themselves to bees and feed on their hemolymph (the bee equivalent of blood), weakening and eventually killing the bees. They also transmit viral diseases that can decimate entire colonies. As a result, beekeepers must take steps to control varroa mites in order to protect their bees.

One of the most effective ways to control varroa mites is through the use of oxalic acid. Oxalic acid is a naturally occurring compound (commonly derived from rhubarb) and is toxic to varroa mites. When applied to a bee colony, it acts as a miticide, killing the mites and reducing their numbers.

There are a few different ways that beekeepers can apply oxalic acid to their colonies. The most common method is through the use of a vaporizer, which heats the acid and releases it into the hive as a gas. This method is effective as it reaches all the bees in the colony and all the nooks and crannies where mites might hide. Another method is to use a dribble, which is applied to the bees with a small syringe. This method is less effective as it only reaches the bees in contact with the dribble.

Oxalic acid is relatively safe for bees and beekeepers when used correctly. It is important to follow the instructions on the product label, including wearing protective gear and ensuring proper ventilation. It is also important to only treat colonies that are healthy, as weak colonies may not be able to handle the stress of treatment.

It’s also important to note that oxalic acid is not a standalone solution to varroa mite control, it should be part of an integrated pest management strategy. This may include using other methods such as screened bottom boards, sticky boards, drone brood removal, and selective breeding for mite-resistant bees.

In summary, varroa mites are a significant threat to honeybee colonies, and beekeepers must take steps to control them in order to protect their bees. Oxalic acid is an effective and relatively safe way to do this, when used correctly as part of an integrated pest management strategy. By taking the necessary precautions and using a variety of control methods, beekeepers can help ensure the health and survival of their colonies.